In the Canadian logistics sector, understanding how to calculate volumetric (or dimensional) weight is crucial for estimating shipping costs accurately. This calculation is used by carriers to determine charges based on the space a package occupies in transit, rather than its actual weight. Here, we'll explore how to calculate volumetric weight for both ground/surface and air freight in Canada, using both metric and imperial measurements.
What is Volumetric Weight?
Volumetric weight reflects a package's density, providing a measure that considers both size and weight. It's especially important for items that are lightweight but bulky, as they occupy significant space relative to their weight.
Ground/Surface Freight Volumetric Weight Calculation
Metric System (Centimeters and Kilograms)
The formula generally used by ground carriers is:
Volumetric Weight (kg)=Length (cm)×Width (cm)×Height (cm)Dimensional FactorVolumetric Weight (kg)=Dimensional FactorLength (cm)×Width (cm)×Height (cm)
The dimensional factor can vary but is often around 5,000 cubic centimeters per kilogram.
Example:
For a package measuring 60 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm, the volumetric weight is calculated as:
Volumetric Weight=60×50×405,000=24 kgVolumetric Weight=5,00060×50×40=24 kg
Imperial System (Inches and Pounds)
The formula in imperial units is:
Volumetric Weight (lbs)=Length (in)×Width (in)×Height (in)Dimensional FactorVolumetric Weight (lbs)=Dimensional FactorLength (in)×Width (in)×Height (in)
A common dimensional factor for ground freight in imperial is 166 cubic inches per pound.
Example:
For a package measuring 24 in x 20 in x 16 in, the volumetric weight is:
Volumetric Weight=24×20×16166≈46.27 lbsVolumetric Weight=16624×20×16≈46.27 lbs
Air Freight Volumetric Weight Calculation
Metric System
The formula for air freight typically uses a smaller dimensional factor due to the higher cost of air transport. A standard factor is 6,000 cubic centimeters per kilogram.
Example:
Using the same package dimensions for air freight:
Volumetric Weight=60×50×406,000=20 kgVolumetric Weight=6,00060×50×40=20 kg
Imperial System
In the imperial system, the dimensional factor for air freight is commonly 166 cubic inches per pound, similar to ground freight.
Example:
Using the same package dimensions for air freight:
Volumetric Weight=24×20×16166≈46.27 lbsVolumetric Weight=16624×20×16≈46.27 lbs
Billing Weight: Actual vs Volumetric
For both ground and air freight, carriers will charge the greater of the two weights: actual or volumetric. This ensures fair pricing for the space a package occupies.
Tips for Managing Shipping Costs
- Optimize Packaging: Use packaging that fits your product snugly to minimize excess volume.
- Consolidate Shipments: Combine items into one shipment where feasible to maximize space efficiency.
- Compare Carriers: Different carriers may use different dimensional factors, affecting costs.
- Understand Both Measurements: Be comfortable calculating in both metric and imperial systems, as different carriers might prefer different systems.
Conclusion
Calculating volumetric weight is a fundamental aspect of logistics planning, particularly in managing costs. Whether shipping by ground or air, understanding and accurately calculating volumetric weight in both metric and imperial systems is vital for logistics professionals in Canada. This knowledge allows for more precise cost estimations and can aid in making more informed decisions about packaging and shipping methods.
